ORATOR- A Public Speakers.....

According to the dictionary,an orator is a person who is good at making public speeches. A public speaker is one of the example an orator who makes speeches in public setting. A speaker may address a large assembly of people or small gatherings. For large assemblies, the speaker will usually speak with the aid of a public address system or microphone and loudspeaker.

The objectives of a public speaker's presentation can range from simply transmitting information, to motivating people to act, to simply telling a story. Professional public speakers often engage in ongoing training and education to refine their craft. This may include seeking guidance to improve their speaking skills, such as learning better storytelling techniques,for example,or learning how to effectively use humor as a communication tool as well as continuous research in their in their topics area of focus.

People who speak publicly in a professional capacity are paid a speaking fee.Professional public speakers may include ex-politicians, sports stars and other public figures. In the case of high profile personalities,the sum can be extraordinary.

An after dinner speaker is a person who makes a public speech after formal dinner. Normally it is meant to be reasonably light-hearted and entertaining, but the speaker can have a serious or inspirational message. The speaker may propose a toast or vote of thanks at the end of the speech.

MEGACITIES IN MUMBAI..

Megacities is defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess 10 million people.one of the megacities in world is Mumbai,india.mumbai also known as Bombay,is capital of the Indian state and most important port city.The factor that makes mumbai been the megacities is in employment ,government,environment,development,society,facilities,culture,education and many more.the most attraction of urban centre is the employment and educational.It can seen when the knowledge is the important thing at india,proving when at india have university of Mumbai.Other than that,facilities at india also more better.We all know that facilities at india is worse.But now,india is chaged.millions of people ride of the commuter trains from mumbai’s suburbs to the city cetre everyday.Because of that,the new motor train sets to be delivered wiil be used on regional lines in the Mumbai region.However,the condition on health is also the factor.We know,india is the country that have bad healthy.When the one region is free from the decease,more visitor come to that state.It’s also can improving the income of the region.They changed people assumption when they improved that.The hospital relies on medical imaging equipment from siemes, such as magnet resonance tomographs,ultrasound and complete x-rays system.the advantages is the economic of india become more stable and they can produce they own product.The disadvantages is,the social aspect become worse.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

The adjective indigenous means is “from” or of the original origin.Therefore in purely adjective sense any given people ,etnic,group or community may be describe as being indigenous in reference to some particular region or locotion.In the other hand,the specific term of indigenous people has more restrictive interpretation when we used it in the more formalized,legalistic and academic sense,associate with the collective right of human population.We can looks up into their common characteristic among them .Historical reliance upon subsistence-based production (based on pastoral,horticultural and hunting and gathering for their life.They also a predominant non-urbanized society.They also live in the climate zone and nomadic lifestyle.Their knowledge and culture usually based on environmental.Beside that the ritual for their ceremony always use the sounds of environment such as they used a bamboo,rotan,and other instruments.They also love in arts,nowdays we can know the arts that their make has appreciate in all of the view in the worlds.Has many indigenous people in Malaysia, ethnic is called Mah Meri.The area of this group is on Pulau Carey or Carey Island located in Banting Selangor.The Mah Meri are particularly known for their votive sculpture,fashioned from a kind of swamp hardwood known as”NYIREH BATU”.While the Mah Meri language is called Besisi.They also believe in anamisme and has among of them also believe in god such as Christian,Islam,Buddha and other .The conclusion is the indigeneous people is a unique ethnic they have a lot of kind of weird lifestyle and they still follow their footprint of their parent from generation to the generation.

DiScRiMiNaTiOn

Discrimination :
Discrimination is a sociological term refering to treatment taken toward or againts a person of a certain group that is taken in consideration based on class or category.There are to many type of discrimination such as age discrimination, gender discrimination, employment discrimination and many more.According to the statistic age discrimination is the second hinger discrimination in this world.Age discrimination is discrimination on the grounds of age. It is usually comes in one of three forms that is discrimination againts youth , discrimination againts those 40years old or ollder and the last one is discrimination againts elderly people. The discrimination that occurs to them are differents according to the age. Some people consider that teenagers and youth are victim of adultism age discrimination framed as a paternalistic form of proctection. Age discrimination can be remove by having its on law.

meDiA

media:
In communication media are the storage and transmission channels or tools that is used to store and deliver information or data.Nowadays media is important for all people in this world expsecially communication media.One of the communication media type is electronic media.Electronic media is media that uses electronic or electromechanical energy for the end to access the content.the had many example of elecronic media such as television,radio,telephone,desktop computer and many more.For m media is important becouse we can get a lot of information from it and we need media to comunicate to others people beside that media can makes us cheers always...

SaPe aNd GuItAr.....

SAPE :
Sape is one of the instrument that had been found in malaysia especially in borneo of malaysia. It is one of the string instruments from the lute family, which has a short neck.
It is made from soft wood, usually the meranti's. The sape has quite an elongated body which is hollowed out and functions as a resonator. The shape of the body looks like a sampan and is often called 'the boat lute' in the west. It is famous among the Kayan and Kenyah tribes of East Malaysia. It is used in entertainment and to accompany dances such as 'Datun Julud and 'Ngajat' (one of the warrior dances associated with headhunting according to legend). Originally sape string are make of sago tree but now it been replace by nylon string.One of the systems that are usually used are as follows:

String 1: Tune like the middle C of the piano
String 2:Tune like C one octave lower than middle C
String 3: Tune to A, a minor third below middle C
String 4: Tune to F, a perfect fourth above middle C
All the strings are plucked using the thumb and only one of the strings is used to play the melody. The rest of the strings function as drone strings, playing only open strings. The strings are fixed across the body, supported by a bridge which is movable, for tuning purposes.



GUITAR :
The guitar is a musical instrument with ancient roots that adapts readily to a wide variety of musical styles.The guitar is a musical instrument with ancient roots that adapts readily to a wide variety of musical styles. There are six , four, seven, eight, ten, twelve, thirteen and eighteen string guitars.to produce a variety of sound ,the size and shape of the neck and the base of the guitar is vary.
Guitars are recognized as one of the primary instruments in flamenco, jazz, blues, country, mariachi, rock music, and many forms of pop
Traditionally guitars have been constructed of various woods and strung with animal gut, or more recently, with either nylon or steel strings. Guitars are made and repaired by luthiers.
Guitars can be divided into two broad categories, acoustic and electric:

Acoustic guitars

There are several notable subcategories within the acoustic guitar group:

Renaissance and baroque
These are the gracile ancestors of the modern classical guitar. They are substantially smaller and more delicate than the classical guitar, and generate a much quieter sound. The strings are paired in courses as in a modern 12-string guitar, but they only have four or five courses of strings rather than six.
Classical guitar
These are typically strung with nylon strings, played in a seated position and are used to play a diversity of musical styles including classical music. The classical guitar's wide, flat neck allows the musician to play scales, arpeggios and certain chord forms more easily and with less adjacent string interference than on other styles of guitar

The modern ten-string guitar

The Modern/Yepes 10-string guitar (a classical guitar) adds four strings (resonators) tuned in such a way that they (along with the other three bass strings) can resonate in unison with any of the 12 chromatic notes that can occur on the higher strings; the idea behind this being an attempt at enhancing and balancing sonority.

Electrical guitar

Electric guitars can have solid, semi-hollow, or hollow bodies, and produce little sound without amplification. Electromagnetic pickups convert the vibration of the steel strings into electrical signals, which are fed to an amplifier through a cable or radio transmitter.There are two main types of pickup, single and double coil (or humbucker), each of which can be passive or active.
Some electric guitar and electric bass guitar models feature Piezoelectric pickups, which function as transducers to provide a sound closer to that of an acoustic guitar with the flip of a switch or knob, rather than switching guitars.
String

Modern guitar strings are constructed of metal, polymers, or animal or plant product materials.Instruments utilising "steel" strings may have strings made of alloys incorporating steel, nickel or phosphor bronze. Classical and flamenco instruments historically used gut strings, but it been replace by polymer materials, such as nylon and fluorocarbon materials. Bass strings for both instruments are wound rather than monofilament

VERBAL & NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Communication is process transferring information from one entity to another.Communication can only happen when there is at least 2 people that interact with each other.There are several types of communication such as verbal and non-verbal communication.


.Verbal communication is divided into written and oral communication.The oral communication refer to the spoken word in communication.It can either be face-to-face communication or conversation over the phone.The other types of communication is written communication.The effectiveness of written communication depends on style of writing,vocabulary used,clarity,grammar,and precision of language.


.Non-verbal communication includes the overall body language of the person who is speaking which include the body posture,hand gesture and body movement.The facial expression play a major role while communication since the expression on person's face say a lot about his/her mood.On the other hand,gesture like a handshake,smile or hug that can independently convey emotions.

HOMICIDE CASES

From Polis Diraja Malaysia (Royal Malaysian Police) website, the statistic for crime reported like homicides, attemp murder, rape, assault, theft and etc are listed. The data/statistic from the website will be discussed in the following descriptions:
1)the absolute number of incidents occured
2)the normalised crime rate
3)the efficiency of police officer solving the cases.









Another crime breakdown in the look from Minister of Women, Family and Community Development is homicide.

On average, Perlis, Trengganu and Kelantan has the lowest number of homicide cases reported, by absolute number. On the other hand, Selangor has the highest number of murder cases reported, an average of 129.3 cases within the period of 4 years. This is followed by Johor (79.0 cases) and Sabah (70.0 cases). Next let’s move on to the comparison among the state by using the normalized number: homicide cases per million population, for year 2005. So, Kuala Lumpur is the place which has the highest murder rate (30.2 cases per million people, 1.556 million residents), followed by Penang (26.6 cases) and Negeri Sembilan. On the other hand, Pahang has the lowest number of murder cases per million people, followed by Kelantan and Perlis.

SKINHEAD FOR LIFE!!!!

Since 1990,skinheads culture was enter to Malaysia.While during that time it was too small.In 1992,skinheads culture was became larger than before it is because Singapore become the source of information of skinheads culture.
In the beginning,the group of Punk Rock in Malaysia act as source of skinheads culture to become larger and larger.Unfortunately,Punk Rock culture cannot be acceptable by society and their Trojen hair style were been an issue.After that,they was changed their wearing style and hairstyle to become smart and clean.They choose this skinheads lifestyle because their style and music Oi!,Ska are accepted by Punk Rock group.
Skinheads also have their own music band taht play music like Oi!,Street Rock,Ska and Rocksteady.Majority the music are influenced by several band such as Tha Bussiness,The 4 Skins,CockSparer,Oi Polloi,Last Resort,The Skatalitea,The Special and The Selecter.
Skinheads in Malaysia are not label as underground,while they just support underground band.Skinheads is a culture about D.I.Y or Major Label,it is depends on them to accept it as an attitude or not.Skinheads in Malaysia also divide into several type like Skinheads Trads,Sharp and Nazi.

HoRsE,yEee....Haa!!!

Horse dance(kuda kepang) is one of the popular dance in Johor,especially among tha Javanese comunity.So far,there are around 18 rythms dances of 'kuda kepang'.Futhermore,the instruments that are need in the kuda kepang dances are 'kuda-kudaan','tali cemeti','gendang','kenong','gong','angklog','beduk', and 'saron'.The most important in 'kuda kepang' are dancers.the dancers needed in this perfomance are 9 people which include a leader and another 8 dancer.Those number of dancer symbolises 9 warrio of islam that called 'wali songo'.There are 3 types of dancing style like 'kembang lawang','kembung jeruk', and 'tari gempur'.In the otherhand,the dishes that are need in this kuda kepang is perfume without alcohol,'bunga kenanga','kuih' or fruit.We are from single ladies group usually watching the perfomances from club sri kenanga,parit kasim,parit raja,batu pahatJohor.Horse dance is very interesting dance and have been a traditional dances of our culture in Johor Bahru.